Duration: 2016-2020
Abstract: Obesity prevalence has increased over recent decades, with WHO pinpointing childhood obesity as one of the most serious global public health challenges for the 21st century (1). Recent data suggests that prevalence of childhood obesity is levelling off in some countries (2), but this may not be the case across all socioeconomic strata (3). Childhood obesity is likely to continue into adulthood, and many problems linked with obesity are more severe if obesity has been present for a long period: adults who were obese during childhood have higher risk of premature death, cardiovascular disorders, and other diseases. A growing body of research has shown the deleterious health effects of obesity on childhood health status (4) and across lifetime (5). Portugal has one of the highest rates of childhood obesity among European countries, with 31.6% in 2002 and 30.5% in 2009 for children aged 7-10 years old (7). Portugal faces a deep economic crisis since 2008 leading to increased poverty and inequalities. Unemployment rate shifted from 9.4% (2009) to 16.2% (2013). In 2012, 18.7% of people were at risk of poverty, with children (0-17 years) being the most affected, reaching a value of 30.9% in 2012. Therefore, unemployment, social exclusion, decreasing mutual trust and social cohesion, and decreasing public and private investments are strong contributors for environmental vulnerability; all these factors hinder access to a healthy diet, health care and family’s healthy lifestyle. Moreover, several features in the environment shifted, such as closing of small restaurants, supermarkets, and other food stores. Data shows a consistent social gradient in childhood obesity, with lowest social classes exhibiting highest values of obesity. Childhood obesity has been our main focus of research over the last decade. We developed important and innovative studies in Portugal, namely the assessment, for the first time, of prevalence rates (6), predictors (8), sedentary behaviours (9,10), sleep duration (11), breastfeeding, urban-rural disparities, family socioeconomic status and behaviours (12), parental perceptions of neighbourhood environments (13) and lately the effect of the build and social environment (14) on obesity. Given the serious crisis that Portugal is facing, it is crucial to proceed with research on the health impacts that this crisis will likely have on childhood obesity. We aim to develop prospective and comparative studies about changes in families’ behaviour and in environmental infrastructures from 2009 to 2015-16 and to assess their impact in childhood obesity. Our main questions are: what changed in families’ behaviours regarding nutrition, food insecurity, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors as well as neighbourhood’s resources availability, safety and social organization, as a consequence of the social and economic crisis? How it impacts in childhood obesity? These questions highlight a major challenge faced by the scientific and policymaker community, which is to prevent that the economic crisis turns also into a health crisis. Lisbon and Coimbra, two Portuguese cities with different characteristics will be our cases studies. The same schools that we studied in 2009 will be re-evaluated in 2015-16, sampling children aged 3-10 years old. Anthropometric measures to evaluate weight status and questionnaires to parents on: family sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of their local neighborhoods, quality of life index (WHOQOL-BREF), depression anxiety stress scale for children and parents, diet patterns, food insecurity (Household Food Security Scale – HFSS), child sedentary behaviors as well as physical activity and sleep duration.
Coordinator (PI): Cristina Padez (CIAS)
Participants: Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues (CIAS), Helena Nogueira (CIAS), Jorge Gustavo Melendez (Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Cláudia Ferreira (Universidade de Coimbra), Larissa Mendes (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Augusta Gama (Universidade de Lisboa), Maria Raquel Silva (Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto), Marina Cunha (Universidade de Coimbra), Marta Agostinho, Milene Pessoa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais), Vítor Rosado Marques (Instituto de Investigação Cientifica Tropical), Margarida Pereira (CIAS), Daniela Rodrigues (CIAS)
Financial support: PT2020 – SAICT –PTDC/ICDT by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Reference: PTDC/DTP-SAP/1520/2014